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Hydraulic Analysis of Water Transmission System (Segment 1)

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Project Background

The  Water Transmission System is a vital infrastructure project aimed at ensuring the reliable conveyance of potable water between the cities of Riyadh and Qassim in Saudi Arabia. Given the criticality of uninterrupted water supply, Segment 1 of the system was subjected to a detailed hydraulic analysis to evaluate its design efficiency, operational safety, and long-term sustainability. 

Stakeholders

  • Client: Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 
  • Hydraulic Analysis Specialist: Conserve Solutions 

Objective of the Study

The primary objective of this hydraulic analysis was to: 

  • Verify whether the pipeline system operates within the designated pressure and flow parameters. 
  • Assess hydraulic stability and identify any operational risks. 
  • Recommend actionable measures to ensure economic efficiency and long-term reliability. 

Methodology

The hydraulic study was conducted using the industry-standard PipeNet software. Key aspects of the methodology included: 
  • Pipe Material: Concrete 
  • Fluid Properties: Water with a density of 1000 kg/m³ 
  • Design Flow Rate: 8600 m³/hr 
  • Maximum Operating Pressure: 20.6 bar 
The analysis covered: 
  • Flow regime classification 
  • Pressure drop calculations 
  • Head loss assessments 
  • Terminal pressure evaluation across Line A and Line B 
  • Pipe internal roughness (3 mm) and valve pressure losses were incorporated into the model to reflect actual conditions. 

Key Findings

Maximum Recorded Pressure: 12.1 bar (within safe design limits) 

  • Flow Velocities: 
  • 1.2 m/s for 1600 mm diameter pipes 
  • 1.5 m/s for 2000 mm diameter pipes 

Identified Risks: 

  • Degradation of insulation coating 
  • Prolonged exposure to high-pressure conditions 
  • Zones susceptible to rupture due to continuous stress accumulation 

Challenges Identified

  • Evidence of pipe wear due to poor adhesion of the protective coating
  • High-pressure retention zones identified as potential failure points

Recommendations

To ensure the future reliability and safety of the water transmission system, the following measures are recommended: 

  • Replace deteriorated pipeline sections to prevent leaks and ruptures 
  • Utilize advanced insulation coatings with improved adhesion for new segments 

Establish a preventive maintenance program including regular inspections and monitoring 

Conclusion

The hydraulic analysis of Segment 1 has provided crucial insights into the system’s current condition and future risks. By implementing the recommended improvements, the project stakeholders can enhance the operational performance, safety, and sustainability of the  Water Transmission System, supporting the broader goals of national water security in Saudi Arabia. 

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